AccesoBarrio - Medición de la accesibilidad urbana usando perfiles demográficos y OpenStreetMap

Autores/as

  • Stefan Steiniger Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0025-9878
  • Cristian Fuentes Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
  • Rodrigo Villegas CEDEUS
  • Ricardo Ardiles CEDEUS
  • Carolina Rojas CEDEUS
  • Ebrahim Poorazizi University of Calgary, Alberta, Canadá

Palabras clave:

accesibilidad urbana, plataforma web, grupos demográficos, walkscore

Resumen

Presentamos una herramienta web que permite la cuantificación de la accesibilidad focalizada en el ciudadano y en el urbanista como usuario. La plataforma AccesoBarrio (ingles: WalkMyPlace) toma la localización y el tiempo de viaje especificados por un usuario, y evalúa el área accesible en tiempo real. Se calcula un puntaje de accesibilidad a partir de un conjunto de destinos frecuentemente asociados a la “Calidad de Vida”, incluyendo instancias tales como tiendas de comestibles, zonas recreativas, y escuelas, entre otros. La plataforma permite analizar la accesibilidad para distintos perfiles demográficos. Usando perfiles demográficos creados por Frank y Ulmer (2003) mostramos que niños, adultos y mayores tienen diferentes niveles de accesibilidad en Gran Santiago, Chile. Por ejemplo, valores de los dos grupos de adultos y de niños muestran una diferencia de hasta 22 (de 100) puntos para el mismo barrio. En general, el modelo muestra que los adolescentes poseen la peor accesibilidad.

Citas

Croft, R. (2015) Garcetti Unveils “Sustainable City pLAn” Includes Transportation and Livability Goals. Retrieved from https://transitscreen.com/blog/garcetti-unveils-sustainable-city-plan-includes-transportation-and-livability-goals/

Crozet, Y. y T. Villalba (2013) Appraisal Methodologies for Transport Investments: How to Introduce an Accessibility Index? Presented at the NECTAR 2013, Sao Miguel, Azores, Portugal.

Curtis, C. y J. Scheurer (2010) Planning for Sustainable Accessibility: Developing Tools to Aid Discussion and Decision-Making. Progress in Planning, 74(2), 53–106.

Department of Transport (2007) Guidance on transport assessment. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-transport-assessment

Duncan, D. T., J. Aldstadt, J. Whalen y S.J. Melly (2012) Validation of walk scores and transit scores for estimating neighborhood walkability and transit availability: a small-area analysis. GeoJournal, 78, 407–416.

Frank, L. y J. Ulmer (2013) Enhancing Walk Score’s Ability to Predict Physical Activity and Active Transportation. Presented at the 2013 Active Living Research Annual Conference, San Diego, CA. Retrieved from http://activelivingresearch.org/sites/default/files/2013_Bike-WalkScore_Frank.pdf

Geurs, K.T. and B. van Wee (2004) Accessibility Evaluation of Land-Use and Transport Strategies: Review and Research Directions. Journal of Transport Geography, 12(2), 127-140.

Golub, A., G. Robinson y B. Nee (2013) Making Accessibility Analyses Accessible: A Tool to Facilitate the Public Review of the Effects of Regional Transportation Plans on Accessibility. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(3), 17-28.

Haugen, K. (2011) The Advantage of ‘Near’: Which Accessibilities Matter to Whom? European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research, 11(4), 368–388.

Moudon, A.V., C. Lee, A.D. Cheadle, C. Garvin, et al. (2006) Operational Definitions of Walkable Neighborhood: Theoretical and Empirical Insights. Journal of Physical Activity & Health, 3(Sup. 1), S99–117.

Neis, P., y D. Zielstra (2014) Recent Developments and Future Trends in Volunteered Geographic Information Research: The Case of OpenStreetMap. Future Internet, 6(1), 76–106.

Nykiforuk, C. I. J., J.A. McGetrick, K. Crick, y J. A. Johnson (2016) Check the score: Field validation of Street Smart Walk Score in Alberta, Canada. Preventive Medicine Reports, 4(Sup. C), 532–539.

Olbricht, R. M. (2015) Data Retrieval for Small Spatial Regions in OpenStreetMap. In J. J. Arsanjani, A. Zipf, P. Mooney, y M. Helbich (Eds.), OpenStreetMap in GIScience, 101–122. Springer International.

Páez, A., M. Moniruzzaman, P.L. Bourbonnais y C. Morency (2013) Developing a web-based accessibility calculator prototype for the Greater Montreal Area. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 58, 103–115.

Saelens, B. E., J.F. Sallis y L.D. Frank (2003) Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 25(2), 80–91.

Steiniger, S., M.E. Poorazizi y A.J.S. Hunter (2013) WalkYourPlace - evaluating neighbourhood accessibility at street level. In C. Ellul, S. Zlatanova, M. Rumor y R. Laurini (Eds.), Proceedings of the 29th Urban Data Management Symposium (Vol. XL-4/W1). London, UK: ISPRS International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, and Spatial Information Science.

Talen, E. y L. Anselin (1998) Assessing Spatial Equity: An Evaluation of Measures of Accessibility to Public Playgrounds. Environment and Planning A, 30, 595–614.

Talen, E. y J. Koschinsky (2013) The Walkable Neighborhood: A Literature Review. International Journal of Sustainable Land Use and Urban Planning, 1(1), 42-63.

Tillema, T., E. Verhoef, B. van Wee y D. van Amelsfort (2011) Evaluating the Effects of Urban Congestion Pricing: Geographical Accessibility versus Social Surplus. Transportation Planning and Technology, 34(7), 669–89.

WalkScore (2011) Walk Score Methodology. Seatle, Washinton: WalkScore. Retrieved from http://pubs.cedeus.cl/omeka/document/82

##submission.downloads##

Publicado

06-07-2018

Número

Sección

Artículo Sistemas de Transporte